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reduce somebody to the ranks

1 reduce

[rɪ'djuːs] transitive verb

1) (diminish) senken [Preis, Gebühr, Fieber, Aufwendungen, Blutdruck usw.]; verbilligen [Ware]; reduzieren [Geschwindigkeit, Gewicht, Anzahl, Menge, Preis]

reduce waste — Müll vermeiden

at reduced prices — zu herabgesetzten Preisen

2)

reduce to despair/silence/tears — in Verzweiflung stürzen/verstummen lassen/zum Weinen bringen

reduce somebody to begging — jemanden an den Bettelstab bringen

be reduced to starvation — hungern müssen

* * *
[rə'dju:s]
verb

1) (to make less, smaller etc: The shop reduced its prices; The train reduced speed.) herabsetzen

2) (to lose weight by dieting: I must reduce to get into that dress.) abnehmen

3) (to drive, or put, into a particular (bad) state: The bombs reduced the city to ruins; She was so angry, she was almost reduced to tears; During the famine, many people were reduced to eating grass and leaves.) verwandeln, zwingen

•

- academic.ru/60974/reducible">reducible
- reduction
* * *

re·duce

[rɪˈdju:s, AM esp -ˈdu:s]

I. vt

1. (make less)

▪ to \reduce sth etw verringern [o reduzieren]

we must \reduce expenditures by 10% in the second quarter wir müssen die Ausgaben im zweiten Quartal um 10 % reduzieren

the television was \reduced from £500 to £350 in the sales der Fernseher war von 500 auf 350 Pfund heruntergesetzt

my wage has been \reduced to £160 mein Lohn wurde auf 160 Pfund gekürzt

the judge \reduced his sentence to 1 year in jail der Richter setzte sein Strafmaß auf 1 Jahr Gefängnis herab

to \reduce sb's authority/duties/responsibilities jds Autorität/Aufgaben/Verantwortlichkeiten einschränken; price etw heruntersetzen

after the scandal, the officer was \reduced in rank nach dem Skandal wurde der Offizier degradiert

to \reduce a backlog einen Rückstand aufholen

to \reduce speed/velocity die Geschwindigkeit verringern

to \reduce taxes Steuern senken

to \reduce wages Löhne kürzen

2. (make smaller)

to \reduce a drawing/photo eine Zeichnung/ein Foto verkleinern

to \reduce a fraction MATH einen Bruch kürzen [o fachspr reduzieren]

to \reduce liquids/a sauce Flüssigkeiten/eine Soße einkochen lassen

\reduce the sauce to [or by] half over a medium flame die Soße bis zur halben Menge bei mittlerer Hitze einkochen lassen

to \reduce sth to ashes CHEM etw veraschen

to \reduce sth to a common denominator MATH etw auf einen gemeinsamen Nenner bringen

3. (bring down)

to \reduce sth to ashes [or rubble] [or ruins] etw in Schutt und Asche legen

Allied bombing \reduced the city to ruins alliierte Bombenangriffe legten die Stadt in Schutt und Asche

▪ to \reduce sb to sth [or doing sth] jdn dazu treiben, etw zu tun

when he lost his job, they were \reduced to begging help from his parents als er seine Arbeit verlor, waren sie gezwungen, seine Eltern um Hilfe zu bitten

to \reduce sb to obedience/submission jdn zum Gehorsam/zur Unterwerfung bringen

to \reduce sb to the ranks MIL jdn [in den Mannschaftsdienstgrad] degradieren

to \reduce sb to tears jdn zum Weinen bringen

4. MED (repair)

to \reduce a dislocated arm/joint einen ausgekugelten Arm/ein Gelenk einrenken

II. vi AM abnehmen

to be reducing eine Diät machen

* * *
[rɪ'djuːs]
1. vt

1) pressure, weight, swelling, risk, chances verringern, reduzieren; speed reduzieren, verlangsamen; authority schwächen; (= lower) standards, temperatures herabsetzen, reduzieren; prices ermäßigen, herabsetzen, reduzieren; taxes, costs senken; expenses, wages kürzen; value mindern; (= shorten) verkürzen; (in size) width, staff, drawing, photo verkleinern, reduzieren; scale of operations einschränken; output drosseln, reduzieren; (COOK) sauce einkochen lassen

to reduce one's weight —

to reduce the strength of a solution — eine Lösung abschwächen

to reduce speed (Mot) — langsamer fahren

"reduce speed now" (Mot) —

the facts may all be reduced to four main headings — die Tatsachen können alle auf vier Hauptpunkte reduziert werden

2) (in price) goods, item heruntersetzen, herabsetzen

3) (= change the form of CHEM) reduzieren; (MATH) zerlegen (to in +acc)

to reduce sth to a powder — etw pulverisieren

to reduce sth to its parts — etw in seine Einzelteile zerlegen

to reduce sth to a common denominator ( Math, fig ) — etw auf einen gemeinsamen Nenner bringen

to reduce an argument to a matter of principle — aus einem Argument eine Frage des Prinzips machen

it has been reduced to a mere... — es ist jetzt nur noch ein...

it has been reduced to nothing — es ist zu nichts zusammengeschmolzen

he's reduced to a skeleton — er ist zum Skelett abgemagert

to reduce sb to silence/despair/tears — jdn zum Schweigen/zur Verzweiflung/zum Weinen bringen

to reduce sb to begging/to slavery — jdn zum Betteln/zur Sklaverei zwingen

are we reduced to this! —

to be reduced to submission — aufgeben müssen

4) (MED) joint wieder einrenken

2. vi
(esp US: slim) abnehmen
to be reducing — eine Schlankheitskur machen

* * *

reduce [rıˈdjuːs; US auch rıˈduːs]

A v/t

1. herabsetzen, vermindern, -ringern, reduzieren ( alle:

by um;

to auf akk):

reduce speed langsamer fahren;

reduce one’s weight (by five kilos) (fünf Kilo) abnehmen;

reduced-emission abgasreduziert (Auto, Motor); → minimum A

2. Preise herabsetzen (auch Waren), ermäßigen (from … to von … auf akk):

sell at reduced prices zu herabgesetzten Preisen verkaufen;

at a reduced fare zu ermäßigtem Fahrpreis

3. (im Rang, Wert etc) herabsetzen, -mindern, erniedrigen

4. auch reduce to the ranks MIL degradieren:

reduce to the rank of zum … degradieren

5. schwächen, erschöpfen

6. (finanziell) einengen: → circumstance 2

7. (to) verwandeln (in akk, zu), machen (zu):

reduce kernels Kerne zermahlen oder zerstampfen oder zerkleinern;

reduce to a heap of rubble in einen Schutthaufen verwandeln;

reduced to a skeleton zum Skelett abgemagert;

his anxiety reduced him to a nervous wreck machte aus ihm ein Nervenbündel; → pulp A 5

8. bringen (to zu, in akk):

reduce to a system in ein System bringen;

reduce to rules in Regeln fassen;

reduce to order in Ordnung bringen;

reduce to writing schriftlich niederlegen;

reduce theories into practice Theorien in die Praxis umsetzen

9. zurückführen, reduzieren ( beide:

to auf akk):

reduce to absurdity ad absurdum führen

10. zerlegen (to in akk)

11. einteilen (to in akk)

12. anpassen (to dat oder an akk)

13. CHEM, MATH reduzieren:

reduce an equation eine Gleichung auflösen;

reduce a fraction einen Bruch reduzieren oder kürzen; → denominator 1

14. verkleinern:

reduced scale verkleinerter Maßstab;

on a reduced scale in verkleinertem Maßstab

15. METALL (aus)schmelzen ( from aus)

16. zwingen ( to obedience zum Gehorsam), bringen ( to despair zur Verzweiflung; to silence zum Schweigen):

reduce sb to poverty ( oder beggary) jemanden an den Bettelstab bringen;

he was reduced to selling his house er war gezwungen, sein Haus zu verkaufen;

be reduced to tears zu Tränen gerührt sein

17. obs unterwerfen, besiegen, erobern

18. beschränken (to auf akk)

19. Farben etc verdünnen

20. FOTO ein Negativ etc abschwächen

21. BIOL eine Zelle reduzieren

22. MED einrenken, (wieder) einrichten

23. GASTR eine Soße etc reduzieren, einkochen lassen

B v/i

1. besonders US (an Gewicht) abnehmen:

be reducing eine Schlankheits- oder Abmagerungskur machen

2. BIOL sich unter Chromosomenreduktion teilen

red. abk reduce (reduced)

* * *

[rɪ'djuːs] transitive verb

1) (diminish) senken [Preis, Gebühr, Fieber, Aufwendungen, Blutdruck usw.]; verbilligen [Ware]; reduzieren [Geschwindigkeit, Gewicht, Anzahl, Menge, Preis]

reduce waste — Müll vermeiden

at reduced prices — zu herabgesetzten Preisen

2)

reduce to despair/silence/tears — in Verzweiflung stürzen/verstummen lassen/zum Weinen bringen

reduce somebody to begging — jemanden an den Bettelstab bringen

be reduced to starvation — hungern müssen

* * *

v.

ermäßigen v.

herabsetzen v.

reduzieren v.

verkleinern v.

vermindern v.

verringern v.

English-german dictionary > reduce
2 reduce

rə'dju:s
verb

1) (to make less, smaller etc: The shop reduced its prices; The train reduced speed.) reducir

2) (to lose weight by dieting: I must reduce to get into that dress.) adelgazar, perder peso

3) (to drive, or put, into a particular (bad) state: The bombs reduced the city to ruins; She was so angry, she was almost reduced to tears; During the famine, many people were reduced to eating grass and leaves.) reducir (a)

•

- reducible
- reduction

reduce vb

1. reducir / disminuir

reduce your speed disminuya la velocidad

2. rebajar

they've reduced the price of salt han rebajado el precio de la sal

El gerundio de reduce se escribe reducing

reduce

tr[rɪ'djʊːs]

transitive verb

1 (gen) reducir, disminuir

■ they're going to reduce the staff van a reducir la plantilla

■ the house was reduced to ashes la casa se redujo a cenizas

2 (price etc) rebajar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

'Reduce speed now' "Disminuya la velocidad"

to be reduced to doing something no tener más remedio que hacer algo, verse obligado,-a a hacer algo

■ he was reduced to begging se vio obligado a pedir limosna

to be reduced to something verse sumido,-a en algo

■ the country was reduced to poverty el país se vio sumido en la pobreza

to reduce somebody to tears hacer llorar a alguien

reduce [ri'du:s, -'dju:s] v, - duced ; - ducing vt

1) lessen: reducir, disminuir, rebajar (precios)

2) demote: bajar de categoría, degradar

3)

to be reduced to : verse rebajado a, verse forzado a

4)

to reduce someone to tears : hacer llorar a alguien

reduce vi

slim: adelgazar

reduce

v.

• abreviar v.

• achicar v.

• acortar v.

• adelgazar v.

• apocar v.

• bajar de peso v.

• cercenar v.

• ceñir v.

• deshinchar v.

• disminuir v.

• estrechar v.

• limitar v.

• moderar v.

• rebajar v.

• reducir v.

rɪ'duːs, rɪ'djuːs
transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<number/amount\>\> reducir*; \<\<tension/pressure/speed\>\> disminuir*, reducir*; \<\<price/taxes/rent\>\> reducir*, rebajar; \<\<goods\>\> rebajar; \<\<pain\>\> aliviar

b) \<\<photograph/image\>\> reducir*

2)

a) (break down, simplify)

to reduce something TO something — reducir* algo a algo

b) ( Math) simplificar*

3) ( bring to undesirable state)

to reduce something/somebody TO something — (often pass)

their policies have reduced the country to poverty — sus políticas han sumido al país en la pobreza

they reduced the city to ruins — dejaron la ciudad en ruinas

they were reduced to begging — se vieron obligados a mendigar

to reduce somebody to tears — hacer* llorar a alguien

[rɪ'djuːs]
1. VT

1) (=decrease) [+ number, costs, expenditure, inflation] reducir; [+ price] rebajar; (Ind) [+ output] reducir, recortar; [+ speed, heat, visibility] disminuir; [+ temperature] bajar; [+ stress, tension] reducir, disminuir; [+ pain] aliviar

it reduces the risk of heart disease (by 20%) — disminuye el riesgo de enfermedades cardíacas (en un 20%)

reduce speed now — disminuya la velocidad

2) (=cut price of) [+ goods] rebajar

3) (=make smaller) [+ drawing] reducir; (Med) [+ swelling] bajar; (Culin) [+ sauce] reducir

4) (=bring to specified state)

to reduce sb to despair — llevar a algn a la desesperación

to reduce sb to tears — hacer llorar a algn

to be reduced to penury — estar sumido en la miseria

to reduce sth to ashes/rubble — reducir algo a cenizas/escombros

to reduce sb to silence — hacer callar a algn

we were reduced to begging on the streets — nos vimos obligados a mendigar por las calles
minimum
5) (=capture, subjugate) tomar, conquistar

6) (Mil) (=demote) degradar

to reduce sb to the ranks — degradar a algn a soldado raso

7) (=simplify) reducir

to reduce an argument to its simplest form — reducir un argumento a su esencia

8) (Math) [+ equation, expression] reducir

9) (Chem) reducir

2. VI

1) (=decrease) reducirse, disminuir

2) (Culin) espesarse

3) (=slim) adelgazar

* * *
[rɪ'duːs, rɪ'djuːs]
transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<number/amount\>\> reducir*; \<\<tension/pressure/speed\>\> disminuir*, reducir*; \<\<price/taxes/rent\>\> reducir*, rebajar; \<\<goods\>\> rebajar; \<\<pain\>\> aliviar

b) \<\<photograph/image\>\> reducir*

2)

a) (break down, simplify)

to reduce something TO something — reducir* algo a algo

b) ( Math) simplificar*

3) ( bring to undesirable state)

to reduce something/somebody TO something — (often pass)

their policies have reduced the country to poverty — sus políticas han sumido al país en la pobreza

they reduced the city to ruins — dejaron la ciudad en ruinas

they were reduced to begging — se vieron obligados a mendigar

to reduce somebody to tears — hacer* llorar a alguien

English-spanish dictionary > reduce
3 rank

I 1. ræŋk noun
1) (a line or row (especially of soldiers or taxis): The officer ordered the front rank to fire.) linje, rekke

2) ((in the army, navy etc) a person's position of importance: He was promoted to the rank of sergeant/colonel.) grad, rang

3) (a social class: the lower social ranks.) sosialgruppe/-klasse, stand
2. verb
(to have, or give, a place in a group, according to importance: I would rank him among our greatest writers; Apes rank above dogs in intelligence.) stille, regne, rangere

- the rank and file
II ræŋk adjective
1) (complete; absolute: rank stupidity; The race was won by a rank outsider.) totalt, regelrett

2) (unpleasantly stale and strong: a rank smell of tobacco.) stram, ekkel

•

- rankness

rad
--------
rang
--------
rangere
--------
rekke

I
subst. \/ræŋk\/

1) rekke

• a rank of taxis

en rekke med drosjer

2) ( overført) rekke

• the ranks of the unemployed

de arbeidsløses rekker

3) ( militærvesen) (ge)ledd, rekke

4) ( militærvesen) rang, grad

• military ranks

5) (sosial) rang, (samfunns)klasse, stand

• people of all ranks and classes

folk fra alle samfunnslag

6) ( overført) rang

• women take the same rank as their husbands

• they're painters of the first rank

de er malere i toppklasse

7) ( EDB) nivåtall

8) ( sjakk) rad

break rank(s) ( også overført) bryte ut av rekken

• they broke ranks with the Allies

close ranks about somebody slutte opp om noen

• they closed their ranks about their leader

de sluttet opp om lederen sin

front rank ( militærvesen) forreste rekke, fremste ledd

hold the rank of something ha rang som noe

• he holds the rank of a colonel

han har rang som oberst

the inferior ranks ( militærvesen) de lavere gradene

in the front rank ( overført) i forreste rekke, førsteklasses, blant de fremste

keep rank(s) holde rekken

other ranks (britisk, militærvesen) korporaler og menige

persons of rank standpersoner, fornemt folk

pull (one's) rank (on somebody) ( hverdagslig) utnytte sin stilling (for å kommandere noen), bruke sin innflytelse

the ranks are thinning det tynnes i rekkene

rear rank ( militærvesen) bakre rekke

reduce somebody to the ranks ( militærvesen) degradere noen til menig

rise from\/through the ranks ( militærvesen) forfremmes fra de meniges rekker ( overført) arbeide seg frem

superior ranks ( militærvesen) høyere grader

take rank of ha høyere rang enn

take rank with være i klasse med, stille seg i klasse med

taxi rank drosjeholdeplass

the rank and file vanlige mennesker

the ranks ( militærvesen) de menige
II
verb \/ræŋk\/

1) stille i\/på rekke, stille på geledd

2) ordne

3) gradere, klassifisere, vurdere, plassere, sette, rangere, rangordne

• I rank him among the best

jeg regner ham blant de beste

• rank somebody as a great poet

• rank an act as a crime

vurdere en handling som en forbrytelse

4) (amer.) ha høyere grad\/rang enn, rangere høyere enn

• he ranks the others

han står over de andre (i rang)

5) ligge som, være rangert som

• she ranks third on the list

hun ligger som nummer tre på listen
III
adj. \/ræŋk\/

1) altfor yppig, altfor frodig, overgrodd, tettvoksende, overvokst

• rank grass

overgrodd gress

• rank with thistles

overvokst med tistel

2) ram, stram, illeluktende, stinkende

• rank taste

• rank smell

• a rank pipe

3) ( om språk) vulgært, motbydelig

4) regelrett, ren, fullstendig

• a rank outsider

• rank lunacy\/nonsense

• rank poison

rene giften

5) åpenbar, tydelig

• rank injustice

grov urettferdighet

English-Norwegian dictionary > rank
4 rank

I
1. ræŋk noun
1) (a line or row (especially of soldiers or taxis): The officer ordered the front rank to fire.) fila, hilera

2) ((in the army, navy etc) a person's position of importance: He was promoted to the rank of sergeant/colonel.) rango, graduación

3) (a social class: the lower social ranks.) clase

2. verb
(to have, or give, a place in a group, according to importance: I would rank him among our greatest writers; Apes rank above dogs in intelligence.) clasificar(se)

- the rank and file

II ræŋk adjective
1) (complete; absolute: rank stupidity; The race was won by a rank outsider.) absoluto, total

2) (unpleasantly stale and strong: a rank smell of tobacco.) fétido

•

- rankness

rank n rango / grado

an officer of the highest rank un oficial del rango más alto

rank

tr[ræŋk]

adjective

1 (plants) exuberante

2 (smelly) fétido,-a

3 (complete) total, completo,-a

————————

rank

tr[ræŋk]

noun

1 (line) fila

2 SMALLMILITARY/SMALL (in hierarchy) graduación nombre femenino, rango

intransitive verb

1 (be) figurar, estar

■ it ranks as one of the finest hotels in Wales está entre los mejores hoteles del País de Gales

transitive verb

1 (classify) clasificar, considerar

■ I rank him with the best lo considero entre los mejores

■ she is ranked second in Europe está clasificada la segunda de Europa, es la segunda en el ranking europeo

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to pull rank abusar de su autoridad

to break ranks romper filas

to close ranks cerrar filas

the rank and file las bases nombre femenino plural

rank ['ræŋk] vt

1) range: alinear, ordenar, poner en fila

2) classify: clasificar

rank vi

1)

to rank above : ser superior a

2)

to rank among : encontrarse entre, figurar entre

rank adj

1) luxuriant: lozano, exuberante (dícese de una planta)

2) smelly: fétido, maloliente

3) outright: completo, absoluto

a rank injustice: una injusticia manifiesta

rank n

1) line, row: fila f

to close ranks: cerrar filas

2) grade, position: grado m, rango m (militar)

to pull rank: abusar de su autoridad

3) class: categoría f, clase f

4) ranks npl

: soldados mpl rasos

rank

adj.

• exuberante adj.

• grado (militar) adj.

• lozano, -a adj.

• línea adj.

• rancio, -a adj.

• rango, -a adj.

n.

• categoría s.f.

• condición s.f.

• cuantía s.f.

• distinción s.f.

• estado s.m.

• fila s.f.

• grado s.m.

• graduación s.f.

• hilera s.f.

• jerarquía s.f.

• línea s.f.

• rango s.m.

v.

• clasificar v.

• equiparar v.

• figurar v.

I ræŋk
noun

1) c ( line) fila f

to break ranks — romper* filas

to close ranks — cerrar* or estrechar filas

General Sánchez rose from the ranks — el General Sánchez empezó como soldado raso

to join the ranks of the unemployed — pasar a engrosar las filas del desempleo

2) c u ( status) categoría f; ( Mil) grado m, rango m

to be above/below somebody in rank — ser* de rango superior/inferior a alguien

to pull rank on somebody: she's not the type to pull rank on anybody — no es de las que abusan de su autoridad or hacen valer sus privilegios

3) c ( taxi rank) (BrE) parada f de taxis, sitio m (Méx)

II
1.

transitive verb

1) ( class)

he's ranked fourth — está clasificado (como el) cuarto

he ranks it among the city's best restaurants — considera que está entre los mejores restaurantes de la ciudad

2) ( outrank) (AmE) ser* de rango superior a

2.

vi

a) ( be classed) estar*

it ranks among the best — está entre los mejores

he ranks high in our esteem — lo tenemos en gran estima

b) ( hold rank)

to rank above/below somebody — estar* por encima/por debajo de alguien, ser* de rango superior/inferior a alguien

a high-/middle-ranking officer — un oficial de alto grado/de grado medio

III

adjective

1) (before n) ( complete) < beginner> absoluto; < injustice> flagrante

2) ( unpleasantly strong) < smell> fétido; < taste> repugnante

to smell rank — oler* muy mal, apestar (fam)

I [ræŋk]
1. N

1) (=status) rango m, categoría f ; (Mil) grado m, rango m

a writer of the first rank — un escritor de primera categoría

persons of rank — gente de calidad

their ranks range from lieutenant to colonel — sus graduaciones van de teniente a coronel

to attain the rank of major — ser ascendido a comandante, llegar a(l grado de) comandante

- pull rank

2) (Mil) fila f

the ranks — la tropa

• to break rank(s) — romper filas

• to close ranks — (Mil) (also fig) cerrar filas

• I've joined the ranks of the unemployed — soy un parado más

• to reduce sb to the ranks — degradar a algn a soldado raso

• to rise from the ranks — ascender desde soldado raso

3) (=row) fila f, hilera f, línea f

the ranks of poplars — las hileras de álamos

in serried ranks — en filas apretadas

4) (also: taxi rank) parada f de taxis

2.

VT clasificar

he's ranked third in the United States — está clasificado tercero en los Estados Unidos

I rank him sixth — yo lo pongo en sexto lugar

where would you rank him? — ¿qué posición le darías?

• I rank her among... — yo la pongo entre...

• he was ranked as (being)... — se le consideraba...

• to rank A with B — igualar A y B, poner A y B en el mismo nivel

3.

VI

to rank fourth — ocupar el cuarto lugar

where does she rank? — ¿qué posición ocupa?

• to rank above sb — ser superior a or sobrepasar a algn

• to rank among... — figurar entre...

• to rank as — equivaler a

• to rank high — ocupar una posición privilegiada

• to rank second to sb — tener el segundo lugar después de algn

• to rank with — ser igual a

4.

CPD

rank and file N —

the rank and file — (Mil) los soldados rasos; (Pol) la base
rank-and-file
II

[ræŋk]
ADJ
1) (Bot) [plants] exuberante; [garden] muy poblado

2) (=smelly) maloliente, apestoso

to smell rank — oler mal

3) (=utter) [hypocrisy, injustice etc] manifiesto, absoluto; [beginner, outsider] completo, puro

that's rank nonsense! — ¡puras tonterías!

he's a rank liar — es un mentiroso redomado

* * *

I [ræŋk]
noun

1) c ( line) fila f

to break ranks — romper* filas

to close ranks — cerrar* or estrechar filas

General Sánchez rose from the ranks — el General Sánchez empezó como soldado raso

to join the ranks of the unemployed — pasar a engrosar las filas del desempleo

2) c u ( status) categoría f; ( Mil) grado m, rango m

to be above/below somebody in rank — ser* de rango superior/inferior a alguien

to pull rank on somebody: she's not the type to pull rank on anybody — no es de las que abusan de su autoridad or hacen valer sus privilegios

3) c ( taxi rank) (BrE) parada f de taxis, sitio m (Méx)

II
1.

transitive verb

1) ( class)

he's ranked fourth — está clasificado (como el) cuarto

he ranks it among the city's best restaurants — considera que está entre los mejores restaurantes de la ciudad

2) ( outrank) (AmE) ser* de rango superior a

2.

vi

a) ( be classed) estar*

it ranks among the best — está entre los mejores

he ranks high in our esteem — lo tenemos en gran estima

b) ( hold rank)

to rank above/below somebody — estar* por encima/por debajo de alguien, ser* de rango superior/inferior a alguien

a high-/middle-ranking officer — un oficial de alto grado/de grado medio

III

adjective

1) (before n) ( complete) < beginner> absoluto; < injustice> flagrante

2) ( unpleasantly strong) < smell> fétido; < taste> repugnante

to smell rank — oler* muy mal, apestar (fam)

English-spanish dictionary > rank
5 rank

I 1. noun
1) (position in hierarchy) Rang, der; (Mil. also) Dienstgrad, der

be above/below somebody in rank — einen höheren/niedrigeren Rang/Dienstgrad haben als jemand

2) (social position) [soziale] Stellung

people of all ranks — Menschen aus allen [Gesellschafts]schichten

3) (row) Reihe, die

4) (Brit.): (taxi stand) [Taxen]stand, der

5) (line of soldiers) Reihe, die

the ranks — (enlisted men) die Mannschaften und Unteroffiziere

the rank and file — die Mannschaften und Unteroffiziere; (fig.) die breite Masse

close [our/their] ranks — die Reihen schließen; (fig.) sich zusammenschließen

rise from the ranks — sich [aus dem Mannschaftsstand] zum Offizier hochdienen; (fig.) sich hocharbeiten
2. transitive verb
(classify)

rank among or with — zählen od. rechnen zu

rank something highly — etwas hoch einstufen
3. intransitive verb
rank among or with — gehören od. zählen zu

rank above/next to somebody — rangmäßig über/direkt unter jemandem stehen
II adjective
1) (complete) blank [Unsinn, Frechheit]; krass [Außenseiter, Illoyalität]

2) (stinking) stinkend

3) (rampant)

rank weeds — [wild] wucherndes Unkraut

* * *
I 1. [ræŋk] noun
1) (a line or row (especially of soldiers or taxis): The officer ordered the front rank to fire.) die Reihe

2) ((in the army, navy etc) a person's position of importance: He was promoted to the rank of sergeant/colonel.) der Rang

3) (a social class: the lower social ranks.) die Klasse
2. verb
(to have, or give, a place in a group, according to importance: I would rank him among our greatest writers; Apes rank above dogs in intelligence.) einreihen, gelten als

- academic.ru/119003/the_rank_and_file">the rank and file
II [ræŋk] adjective
1) (complete; absolute: rank stupidity; The race was won by a rank outsider.) kraß

2) (unpleasantly stale and strong: a rank smell of tobacco.) scharf

•

- rankness

* * *

rank¹

[ræŋk]

I. n

1. no pl POL (position) Position f, [hohe [o leitende]] Stellung

to pull \rank den Vorgesetzten herauskehren fam; POL Rang m

a top \rank of government ein Spitzenposten m in der Regierung

2. MIL Dienstgrad m, Rang m

▪ the \ranks pl (non-officers) einfache Soldaten

to close \ranks die Reihen schließen; ( fig) sich akk zusammenschließen

to join the \ranks in die Armee eintreten

to join the \ranks of sth sich akk in etw akk einreihen

John has joined the \ranks of the unemployed John ist dem Heer der Arbeitslosen beigetreten

to be promoted to the \rank of captain zum Hauptmann befördert werden

to rise from [or through] the \ranks sich akk zum Offizier hochdienen; ( fig) sich akk hocharbeiten

3. (membership)

▪ the \ranks Mitglieder pl

there is great concern about safety among the \ranks of racing drivers unter Rennfahrern herrscht große Sorge über die Sicherheit

party \ranks Parteimitglieder pl

4. (row) Reihe f

cab [or taxi] \rank Taxistand m

the front \rank of sth die vorderste Reihe einer S. gen

serried \ranks of sth ganze Reihen von etw dat

II. adj attr, inv (absolute) absolut, ausgesprochen

a \rank amateur ein absoluter Amateur

a \rank beginner ein blutiger Anfänger/eine blutige Anfängerin

\rank cowardice reine Feigheit

\rank injustice zum Himmel schreiende Ungerechtigkeit

\rank insubordination pure Aufsässigkeit; MIL schiere Gehorsamsverweigerung

\rank negligence extreme Vernachlässigung

a \rank novice ein absoluter Neuling

a \rank outsider ein totaler Außenseiter/eine totale Außenseiterin

\rank stupidity reine [o schiere] Dummheit

III. vi

1. (hold a position)

▪ to \rank above sb einen höheren Rang als jd einnehmen, im Rang über jdm stehen

2. (be classified as)

he currently \ranks second in the world er steht derzeit auf Platz zwei der Weltrangliste, er ist derzeit Weltranglistenzweiter

she \ranks among the theatre's greatest actors sie gehört mit zu den größten Theaterschauspielern

IV. vt

1. (classify)

▪ to \rank sth/sb jdn/etw einstufen

▪ to \rank sb among sb/sth jdn zu jdm/etw zählen

▪ to \rank sb/sth alongside sb/sth jdn/etw auf die gleiche Stufe mit jdm/etw stellen

2. (arrange)

▪ to \rank sth etw anordnen

to \rank sb/sth in order of size jdn/etw der Größe nach aufstellen

rank²

[ræŋk]

adj

1. (growing thickly) of a plant üppig wuchernd, wild wachsend

2. (overgrown) verwildert, überwuchert

3. (rancid) stinkend attr

▪ to be \rank with sth nach etw dat stinken

his body was \rank with sweat er stank nach Schweiß

\rank smell/odour [or AM odor] übler Geruch/Gestank

* * *
I [rŋk]
1. n

1) (MIL: grade) Rang m

officer of high rank —

to reach the rank of general — den Rang eines Generals erlangen

See:

→ pull

2) (= class, status) Stand m, Schicht f

people of all ranks — Leute pl aller Stände

a person of rank — eine hochgestellte Persönlichkeit

a singer of the first rank — ein erstklassiger Sänger

3) (= row) Reihe f; (Brit = taxi rank) Taxistand m

the taxi at the head of the rank — das erste Taxi in der Reihe

4) (MIL: formation) Glied nt

to break rank(s) — aus dem Glied treten

to keep rank(s) — in Reih und Glied stehen

to serve in the ranks — gemeiner Soldat sein

the ranks, other ranks (Brit) — die Mannschaften und die Unteroffiziere

the rank and file (Mil) — die Mannschaft

the rank and file of the party/union — die Basis der Partei/Gewerkschaft, die einfachen Partei-/Gewerkschaftsmitglieder

the rank and file workers — die einfachen Arbeiter

to rise from the ranks — aus dem Mannschaftsstand zum Offizier aufsteigen; (fig) sich hocharbeiten

to reduce sb to the ranks — jdn degradieren

See:

→ close

5) (MUS) Register nt

2. vt
(= class, consider)
to rank sb among the best — jdn zu den Besten zählen

where would you rank Napoleon among the world's statesmen? — wie würden Sie Napoleon als Staatsmann einordnen or einstufen?

3. vi

to rank among — zählen zu

to rank above/below sb — bedeutender/weniger bedeutend als jd sein; (athlete) leistungsmäßig über/unter jdm liegen; (officer) rangmäßig über/unter jdm stehen

to rank high among the world's statesmen — einer der großen Staatsmänner sein

he ranks high among her friends —

it ranks with the best films of the decade — es zählt zu den besten Filmen des Jahrzehnts

he ranks as a great composer — er gilt als großer Komponist

to rank 6th — den 6. Rang or Platz belegen
II
adj (+er)

1) plants üppig; grass verwildert

rank with weeds — von Unkraut überwuchert

to grow rank — wuchern

2) (= offensive) smell übel; dustbin, drain stinkend attr; fat ranzig; person derb, vulgär

to be rank (dustbin, drains) — stinken; (breath) stinken, übel riechend sein

3) attr (= utter) disgrace wahr; injustice schreiend; nonsense, insolence rein; outsider, amateur richtig, absolut, ausgesprochen

* * *

rank¹ [ræŋk]

A s

1. (soziale) Klasse, (Gesellschafts)Schicht f

2. Rang m, Stand m, (soziale) Stellung:

a man of rank ein Mann von Stand;

of second rank zweitrangig;

take the rank of den Vorrang haben vor (dat);

take rank with sb mit jemandem gleichrangig sein;

take high rank einen hohen Rang einnehmen;

rank and fashion die vornehme Welt

3. MIL etc Rang m, Dienstgrad m:

in rank im Rang, rangmäßig;

he is above me in rank er ist ranghöher als ich

4. pl MIL (Unteroffiziere pl und) Mannschaften pl:

rank and file der Mannschaftsstand ( → A 5);

rise from the ranks aus dem Mannschaftsstand hervorgehen, von der Pike auf dienen (a. fig)

5. auch rank and file (der) große Haufen ( → A 4):

the rank of workers die große Masse oder das Heer der Arbeiter;

the rank of a party die Basis einer Partei

6. Aufstellung f:

form into ranks sich formieren oder ordnen

7. MIL Glied n, Linie f:

break ranks

a) wegtreten,

b) in Verwirrung geraten;

close the ranks die Reihen schließen;

fall in ranks antreten;

join the ranks in das Heer eintreten;

quit the ranks

a) aus dem Glied treten,

b) desertieren

8. Reihe f, Linie f, Kette f: → cab rank

9. Schach: waag(e)rechte Reihe

B v/t

1. in einer Reihe oder in Reihen aufstellen

2. (ein)ordnen, einreihen

3. eine Truppe etc antreten lassen oder aufstellen, formieren

4. a) einstufen

b) rechnen, zählen ( beide:

with, among zu):

I rank him above Shaw ich stelle ihn über Shaw;

be ranked 8th in the world an 8. Stelle der Weltrangliste stehen

5. US einen höheren Rang einnehmen als

C v/i

1. eine Reihe oder Reihen bilden, sich formieren oder ordnen

2. einen Rang oder eine Stelle einnehmen:

rank equally gleichrangig sein;

rank first den ersten Rang einnehmen;

rank high

a) einen hohen Rang einnehmen,

b) einen hohen Stellenwert haben;

ranking list Rangliste f;

ranking officer US ranghöchster Offizier;

ranking tournament SPORT Ranglistenturnier n

3. gehören, zählen ( beide:

among, with zu), rangieren ( above über dat, vor dat; next to hinter dat, gleich nach):

rank as gelten als;

he ranks next to the president er kommt gleich nach dem Präsidenten

4. besonders MIL (in geschlossener Formation) marschieren:

rank off abmarschieren

5. WIRTSCH, JUR bevorrechtigt sein (Gläubiger etc)

rank² [ræŋk] adj (adv rankly)

1. a) (wild) wuchernd (Pflanzen)

b) überwuchert (Garten etc)

2. fruchtbar (Boden etc)

3. stinkend, übel riechend

4. widerlich (Geruch, Geschmack)

5. rein, völlig:

rank outsider krasse(r) Außenseiter(in);

rank beginner blutige(r) Anfänger(in);

rank nonsense blühender Unsinn

6. ekelhaft, widerwärtig

7. unanständig, schmutzig (Sprache etc)

* * *
I 1. noun
1) (position in hierarchy) Rang, der; (Mil. also) Dienstgrad, der

be above/below somebody in rank — einen höheren/niedrigeren Rang/Dienstgrad haben als jemand

2) (social position) [soziale] Stellung

people of all ranks — Menschen aus allen [Gesellschafts]schichten

3) (row) Reihe, die

4) (Brit.): (taxi stand) [Taxen]stand, der

5) (line of soldiers) Reihe, die

the ranks — (enlisted men) die Mannschaften und Unteroffiziere

the rank and file — die Mannschaften und Unteroffiziere; (fig.) die breite Masse

close [our/their] ranks — die Reihen schließen; (fig.) sich zusammenschließen

rise from the ranks — sich [aus dem Mannschaftsstand] zum Offizier hochdienen; (fig.) sich hocharbeiten
2. transitive verb
(classify)

rank among or with — zählen od. rechnen zu

rank something highly — etwas hoch einstufen
3. intransitive verb
rank among or with — gehören od. zählen zu

rank above/next to somebody — rangmäßig über/direkt unter jemandem stehen
II adjective
1) (complete) blank [Unsinn, Frechheit]; krass [Außenseiter, Illoyalität]

2) (stinking) stinkend

3) (rampant)

rank weeds — [wild] wucherndes Unkraut

* * *

n.

Dienstgrad m.

Grad -e m.

Rang ¨-e (Mathematik) m.

Rang ¨-e m.

Reihe -n f.

Stand ¨-e m.

Stufe -n f.

sozialer Stand m.

English-german dictionary > rank
6 casser

casser [kαse]

━━━━━━━━━

1. transitive verb

2. intransitive verb

3. reflexive verb

━━━━━━━━━

➭ TABLE 1

1. <

   a. ( = briser) [+ objet, appareil, rythme, grève] to break ; [+ noix] to crack

• casser qch en deux/en morceaux to break sth in two/into pieces

• il s'est mis à tout casser autour de lui he started smashing up everything in sight

• casser du facho (inf!) to go after fascists (inf)

   b. (figurative) [+ volonté, moral] to break

• casser qn to cause sb's downfall

• casser les prix to slash prices

• je veux casser l'image de jeune fille sage qu'on a de moi I want to change the "good girl" image people have of me

   c. ( = destituer) [+ militaire] to reduce to the ranks ; [+ fonctionnaire] to demote

   d. ( = annuler) [+ jugement] to quash ; [+ arrêt] to revoke

• casser un jugement pour vice de forme to quash a sentence on a technicality

   e. (locutions) casser la baraque (inf) ( = avoir du succès) to bring the house down

• casser la croûte or la graine (inf: inf) to have something to eat

• casser la figure or la gueule à qn (inf: inf!) to smash sb's face in (inf)

• casser les pieds à qn (inf) ( = irriter) to get on sb's nerves ; ( = ennuyer) to bore sb stiff

• il nous les casse ! (inf!) he's a pain in the neck! (inf)

• casser sa pipe (inf) to kick the bucket (inf!)

• ça ne casse rien (inf) it's nothing to write home about (inf)

• casser du sucre sur le dos de qn to talk about sb behind his (or her) back

• il nous casse les oreilles (inf) he makes a terrible racket

► à tout casser ( = extraordinaire) (inf) fantastic (inf)

• tu en auras pour 100 € à tout casser ( = tout au plus) that'll cost you 100 euros at the most

2. <

   a. ( = se briser) [objet] to break

• ça casse facilement it breaks easily

   b. ( = rompre) [couple] to split up

3. <

► se casser

   a. ( = se briser) [objet] to break

• la tasse s'est cassée en tombant the cup broke when it fell

• l'anse s'est cassée the handle came off

   b. ( = se blesser) [personne] se casser la jambe to break one's leg

• se casser une jambe to break a leg

• se casser la figure or la gueule (inf: inf!) ( = tomber) to fall flat on one's face ; ( = faire faillite) to go bankrupt

• se casser le nez ( = trouver porte close) to find no one in

   c. ( = se fatiguer) (inf) il ne s'est pas cassé pour écrire cet article he didn't exactly overexert himself writing this article

• il ne s'est pas cassé la tête or le cul ! (inf: vulg!) he didn't exactly overexert himself!

• cela fait deux jours que je me casse la tête sur ce problème I've been racking my brains over this problem for two days

   d. ( = partir) (inf!) to split (inf!)

• casse-toi ! quick, go! ; (menace) get lost! (inf!)

* * *
kase
1.

verbe transitif

1) ( briser) to break [objet, os]; to crack [noix]

les vandales ont tout cassé dans la maison — the vandals wrecked the house

casser les prix — to slash prices

casser le rythme d'une course — to slow down the pace of a race

casser la figure (colloq) or la gueule (sl) à quelqu'un — to beat somebody up (colloq)

2) (colloq) ( dégrader) to demote [militaire, employé]

3) ( annuler) to quash [jugement]; to annul [arrêt]

4) (colloq) ( humilier) to cut [somebody] down to size [personne]

2.

verbe intransitif

1) ( se briser) to break

2) ( se séparer) (colloq) [couple] to split up

3.

se casser verbe pronominal

1) (colloq) ( partir) to go away

‘bon, je me casse!’ — ‘right, I'm off (colloq)!’

2) ( se briser) to break

la clé s'est cassée net — the key snapped in two

3) ( se blesser)

se casser une or la jambe — to break one's leg

se casser la figure — (colloq) ( tomber par terre) [piéton] to fall over GB ou down; [cavalier, motard] to take a fall; ( avoir un accident) to crash; ( échouer) [entreprise, projet] to fail; ( se battre) [personnes] to have a scrap (colloq)

il ne s'est pas cassé la tête — (colloq) he didn't exactly strain himself

se casser la tête (colloq) (sur un problème) — to rack one's brain (over a problem)

se casser la tête (colloq) à faire quelque chose — to go out of one's way to do something

••

casser les pieds (colloq) à quelqu'un — to annoy somebody

casser la croûte (colloq) or la graine — (colloq) to eat

ça casse pas des briques — (colloq) it's nothing to write home about (colloq)

ça te prendra trois heures, à tout casser — (colloq) it'll take you three hours at the very most ou at the outside

qui casse (les verres) paie — if you cause damage, you pay for it

* * *
kɒse vt
1) [un objet] to break

J'ai cassé un verre. — I've broken a glass.

2) [routine] to break, [mythes] to shatter

casser l'ambiance — to spoil the fun

3) ADMINISTRATION, [gradé] to demote

4) DROIT, [un jugement] to quash

5) fig

casser les prix — to slash prices

à tout casser * (= tout au plus) — at the outside, at the very most

* * *

casser verb table: aimer

A vtr

1 ( briser) to break [objet, os, membre]; to crack [noix, noisette]; les vandales ont tout cassé dans la maison the vandals wrecked the house; casser un bras/une côte/une dent à qn to break sb's arm/rib/tooth; quel maladroit! il casse tout! he's so clumsy, he breaks everything!; casser un carreau to smash ou break a windowpane; casser le moral de qn to break sb's spirit; casser le mouvement syndical to break the unions; ça m'a cassé la voix de hurler comme ça shouting like that has made me hoarse; casser les prix Comm to slash prices; casser le rythme d'une course to slow down the pace of a race; casser la figure○ or la gueule◑ à qn to beat sb up○; casser○ du flic○/du manifestant to beat up policemen/ demonstrators; ⇒ sucre, omelette;

2 ○( dégrader) to demote [militaire, employé];

3 ( annuler) to quash [jugement]; to annul [arrêt];

4 ○( humilier) to cut [sb] down to size [personne]; le patron l'a cassé devant tous les employés the boss put him down in front of all the employees.

B vi

1 ( se briser) [matière, objet] to break; [ficelle, corde, bande enregistrée] to break, to snap; la branche a cassé sous le poids des fruits the branch broke ou snapped under the weight of the fruit; ça casse très facilement it breaks very easily;

2 ○( se séparer) [couple] to split up; il a cassé avec sa petite amie he's split ou broken up with his girlfriend.

C se casser vpr

1 ○( partir) to go away; ‘bon, je me casse!’ ‘right, I'm off○ ou I'm going!’;

2 ( se briser) to break; la clé s'est cassée net the key snapped in two;

3 ( se blesser) se casser une jambe/un bras, se casser la jambe/le bras to break one's leg/one's arm; se casser la figure○ or gueule◑ ( tomber par terre) [piéton] to fall over GB ou down; [cavalier, motard] to take a fall; ( avoir un accident) [automobiliste, motard, avion] to crash; ( échouer) [entreprise, projet] to fail, to come a cropper○ GB; ( se battre) [personnes] to have a scrap○; il ne s'est pas cassé○, il ne s'est pas cassé la tête ○ or le tronc○ or la nénette○ or le cul◑ he didn't exactly strain himself; se casser la tête○ (sur un problème) to rack one's brain (over a problem); se casser la tête○ or le cul◑ à faire qch to go out of one's way to do sth.

Idiomes

casser les pieds○ or les couilles● à qn to annoy sb, to bug○ sb; il nous les casse● he's bugging○ us; casser la croûte or la graine○ to eat, to nosh○ GB, to chock○ US; ça casse rien○, ça casse pas des briques○ or trois pattes à un canard○ it's nothing to write home about○; il faut que ça passe ou que ça casse it's make or break; une fête/un banquet à tout casser○ a fantastic party/dinner; ça te prendra trois heures, à tout casser○ it'll take you three hours at the very most ou at the outside; il y avait 200 personnes, à tout casser○ there were 200 people at the very most ou at the outside; qui casse (les verres) paie if you cause damage, you pay for it.

[kase] verbe transitif

1. [mettre en pièces - table] to break (up) ; [ - porte] to break down (separable) ; [ - poignée] to break off (separable) ; [ - noix] to crack (open)

casser quelque chose en mille morceaux to smash something to bits ou smithereens

casser quelque chose en deux to break ou to snap something in two

un homme que la douleur a cassé (figuré) a man broken by suffering

avoir envie de tout casser to feel like smashing everything up

casser sa tirelire to break into one's piggybank

casser du sucre sur le dos de quelqu'un (familier) to knock somebody when his/her back's turned

un journal où on casse du coco (très familier) a commie-bashing paper

casser la baraque

a. (familier) THÉÂTRE to bring the house down

b. [faire échouer un plan] to ruin it all

casser la croûte (familier) ou graine (familier) to have a bite to eat

casser sa pipe (familier) to kick the bucket

ça ne casse pas des briques (familier) it's no great shakes ou no big deal

il/ça ne casse pas trois pattes à un canard (familier) he/it wouldn't set the world on fire

2. [interrompre - fonctionnement, déroulement, grève] to break

casser l'ambiance to spoil the atmosphere

3. [démolir] to demolish

4. [en parlant de parties du corps] to break

casser la figure (familier) ou gueule (très familier) à quelqu'un to smash somebody's face in

casser les oreilles à quelqu'un

a. (familier) [avec de la musique] to deafen somebody

b. [en le harcelant] to give somebody a lot of hassle

casser les pieds à quelqu'un (familier) to get on somebody's nerves ou wick (UK)

tu nous les casses (vulgaire) you're a fucking pain (in the neck)

5. [abîmer - voix] to damage, to ruin

6. [annihiler - espoir] to dash, to destroy ; [ - moral] to crush

la religion, la famille, ils veulent tout casser religion, family values, they want to smash everything

7. DROIT [jugement] to quash

[arrêt] to nullify, to annul

8. [rétrograder - officier] to break, to reduce to the ranks ; [ - fonctionnaire] to demote

9. COMMERCE

casser les prix to slash prices

casser le métier to operate at unfairly competitive rates

10. (très familier) [cambrioler] to do a job on

11. (familier) [voiture] to take to bits (for spare parts), to cannibalize

————————

[kase] verbe intransitif

[verre, chaise] to break

[fil] to snap

[poignée] to break off

la tige a cassé

a. [en deux] the stem snapped

b. [s'est détachée] the stem snapped off

tout passe, tout lasse, tout casse (proverbe) nothing lasts

————————

se casser verbe pronominal intransitif

1. [être mis en pièces - assiette] to break ; [ - poignée] to break off

se casser net

a. [en deux] to snap into two

b. [se détacher] to break clean off

2. (très familier) [partir] to push ou to buzz off

casse-toi! get lost!, push off!

3. [cesser de fonctionner - appareil, véhicule] to break down

4. [être altéré - voix] to crack, to falter

5. [vêtement] to break (off)

————————

se casser verbe pronominal transitif

to break

se casser le cou

a. (sens propre) to break one's neck

b. (figuré) to come a cropper (UK), to take a tumble

se casser le cul (vulgaire) ou les reins (familier) [au travail] to bust a gut, to kill oneself

se casser la figure (familier) ou gueule (très familier)

a. [personne] to come a cropper (UK), to take a tumble

b. [livre, carafe] to crash to the ground

c. [projet] to bite the dust, to take a dive

ne te casse pas la tête, fais une omelette don't put yourself out, just make an omelette

se casser le nez

a. (familier) [ne trouver personne] to find no-one in

b. [échouer] to come a cropper (UK), to bomb (US)

ça vaut mieux que de se casser une jambe (familier) it's better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

————————

à tout casser (familier) locution adjectivale

[endiablé - fête] fantastic ; [ - succès] runaway

une soirée à tout casser one hell of a party

————————

à tout casser (familier) locution adverbiale

[tout au plus] at the (very) most

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > casser

7 degradieren

v/t MIL. demote (zu to the rank of); fig. degrade (zu to)

* * *

to demote; to downgrade; to degrade

* * *
de|gra|die|ren [degra'diːrən] ptp degradiert
vt (MIL)
to demote ( zu to); (fig = herabwürdigen) to degrade
jdn/etw zu etw degradíéren (fig) — to lower sb/sth to the level of sth

* * *

1) (to reduce to a lower rank: He was demoted for misconduct.) demote

2) (to reduce to a lower level, especially of importance: His job was downgraded.) downgrade

* * *

de·gra·die·ren *

[degraˈdi:rən]

vt

▪ jdn [zu etw dat] \degradieren

1. MIL to demote sb [to sth]; (mit Entlassung) to cashier sb

jdn zum einfachen Soldaten \degradieren to demote sb to the ranks

2. (pej geh) to degrade sb, to reduce sb to [the level of] sth

* * *

transitives Verb demote

jemanden/etwas zu etwas degradieren — (fig.) reduce somebody/something to [the level of] something

* * *

degradieren v/t MIL demote (

zu to the rank of); fig degrade (

zu to)

* * *

transitives Verb demote

jemanden/etwas zu etwas degradieren — (fig.) reduce somebody/something to [the level of] something

* * *

v.

to demote v.

to downgrade v.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > degradieren

8 close

I.

close¹ [kləʊs]

1. adjective

   a. ( = near) proche

• the city centre is quite close le centre-ville est assez proche

• in close proximity to sb/sth dans le voisinage immédiat de qn/qch

• at close quarters de très près

• it was a close shave or thing or call (inf: inf) (inf) je l'ai (or il l'a etc) échappé belle

► close to ( = near) près or proche de

• the house is close to the shops la maison est proche des magasins

• his birthday is close to mine son anniversaire est proche du mien

• to be close to success être près de réussir

• to be very close to success être à deux doigts de réussir

• to be close to tears être au bord des larmes

• to be close to doing sth être à deux doigts de faire qch

• she felt something close to loathing for the man elle éprouvait un sentiment proche de la haine pour cet homme

   b. [friend, relative] proche ; [relationship, friendship] profond ; [cooperation, ties, links, connection] étroit ; [resemblance] fort

• she is very close to her brother elle est très proche de son frère

• we are very close nous sommes très proches

• to be in/keep in close contact with sb être/rester en contact étroit avec qn

• to be/feel close to sb être/se sentir proche de qn

• a source close to the president une source proche du président

   c. [examination, inspection, study] attentif ; [questioning] serré ; [investigation, enquiry, checking] minutieux ; [translation] fidèle

• to pay close attention to sth faire bien attention à qch

• to be (kept) in close confinement être sous bonne garde

• (up)on closer inspection or examination après un examen plus minutieux

• to have a closer look at sth regarder qch de plus près

• to keep a close eye or watch on sb/sth surveiller qn/qch de près

   d. [texture] dense ; [election, contest, race, finish] serré

   e. [room] mal aéré ; [atmosphere] lourd

• it's very close today il fait très lourd aujourd'hui

2. adverb

• close to sb/sth près de qn/qch

• sit close up to me assieds-toi tout près de moi

• close behind (sb/sth) juste derrière (qn/qch)

• he followed close behind me il me suivait de près

• close by (sb/sth) tout près (de qn/qch)

• to get close (to sb/sth) s'approcher (de qn/qch)

• to get closer (to sb/sth) se rapprocher (de qn/qch)

• to be close at hand [object] être à portée de main ; [place] être à proximité ; [date, event] être proche

• to hold sb close serrer qn dans ses bras

• their two heads were close together leurs deux têtes étaient tout près l'une de l'autre

• the tables were pushed close together on a rapproché les tables

• to come closer together se rapprocher

• to look at sth close to/up regarder qch de très près

• it cost close on ten thousand pounds ça a coûté près de dix mille livres

3. compounds

► close-cropped adjective [hair] (coupé) ras

► close-fisted adjective pingre

► close-fitting adjective ajusté

► close-knit adjective très uni

► close-run adjective

• close-run race course f très serrée

• it was a close-run thing ils sont arrivés dans un mouchoir ► close-shaven adjective rasé de près

► close-up noun ( = photo, shot) gros plan m

• in close-up en gros plan

II.

close² [kləʊz]

1. noun

( = end) fin f

• to come to a close se terminer

• to draw to a close tirer à sa fin

• to draw sth or bring sth to a close mettre fin à qch

• the close of (the) day (literary) la tombée du jour

2. transitive verb

   a. ( = shut) fermer ; [+ road] barrer

• the road is closed to traffic la route est interdite à la circulation

• to close one's mind to new ideas fermer son esprit à toute idée nouvelle

   b. [+ proceedings, discussion] mettre fin à ; [+ account] clore

• to close the meeting lever la séance

   c. to close ranks serrer les rangs

3. intransitive verb

   a. [door, drawer] se fermer ; [museum, theatre, shop] fermer

• the gate doesn't close properly le portail ferme mal

• the shop closes at 6 o'clock le magasin ferme à 18 heures

• the shop closes on Sundays le magasin est fermé le dimanche

• his eyes closed ses yeux se fermèrent

   b. [session] se terminer ; [speaker] terminer

• the meeting closed abruptly la séance a pris fin or s'est terminée brusquement

• he closed with an appeal to their generosity il a terminé par un appel à leur générosité

4. compounds

► close-down noun [of shop, business] fermeture f (définitive)

► close season noun (British) (Hunting) période f de fermeture de la chasse ; (Fishing) période f de fermeture de la pêche ; (Football) intersaison f

► close down transitive and intransitive verb

[business, shop] fermer (définitivement)

► close in intransitive verb

[hunters, pursuers] se rapprocher ; [darkness, night] tomber

• to close in on sb ( = approach) se rapprocher de qn ; (in race, pursuit) rattraper qn► close off separable transitive verb

[+ room] interdire l'accès à ; [+ road] barrer

► close up

1. intransitive verb

[people in line] se rapprocher ; [wound] se refermer

2. separable transitive verb

[+ house, shop] fermer

* * *
I 1. [kləʊs]
noun

1) ( road) passage m

2) ( of cathedral) enceinte f
2.
adjective

1) ( with close links) [relative] proche; [resemblance] frappant

to bear a close resemblance to somebody/something — ressembler beaucoup à quelqu'un/quelque chose

close links with — liens mpl étroits avec [country]; liens mpl d'amitié avec [group]

in close contact with — en contact permanent avec

2) ( intimate) [friend] proche (to de)

they have a close friendship — ils sont très bons amis

3) ( almost equal) [contest, result] serré

‘is it the same?’ - ‘no but it's close’ — ‘c'est le même?’ - ‘non mais c'est proche’

4) (careful, rigorous) [scrutiny] minutieux/-ieuse; [supervision] étroit

to pay close attention to something — faire une attention toute particulière à quelque chose

to keep a close watch ou eye on somebody/something — surveiller étroitement quelqu'un/quelque chose

5) ( compact) [texture] dense; [print, formation] serré

6) ( stuffy) [weather] lourd

it's close — il fait lourd

7) (colloq) ( secretive)

she's been very close about it — elle n'a rien voulu dire
3.
adverb

1) ( nearby)

to live quite close (by) — habiter tout près

they look closeer than they are — ils semblent plus près qu'ils ne le sont

how close is the town? — est-ce que la ville est loin?

it's close, I can hear it — il ne doit pas être loin, je l'entends

the closer he came — plus il approchait

to bring something closer — approcher quelque chose

to follow close behind — suivre de près

to hold somebody close — serrer quelqu'un

close together — serrés les uns contre les autres

2) ( close temporally)

the time is close when — dans peu de temps

how close are they in age? — combien ont-ils de différence d'âge?

Christmas is close — Noël approche

3) ( almost)

that's closer to the truth — ça c'est plus proche de la vérité

‘is the answer three?’ - ‘close!’ — ‘est-ce que la réponse est trois?’ - ‘tu y es presque’
4.
close enough adverbial phrase

that's close enough — ( no nearer) tu es assez près; ( acceptable) ça ira

20 yachts or close enough — à peu près 20 yachts
5.
close to prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase

1) ( near) près de [place, person, object]

how close are we to...? — à quelle distance sommes-nous de...?

2) ( on point of) au bord de [tears, hysteria]

to be close to doing — être sur le point de faire

3) ( almost at)

closer to 30 than 40 — plus proche or plus près de 40 ans que de 30

to come closest to — s'approcher le plus de [ideal, conception]

to come close to doing — faillir faire

how close are you to completing...? — est-ce que vous êtes sur le point de finir...?

close to the time when — à peu près au moment où

it's coming close to the time when we must decide — l'heure de nous décider approche

4) ( also close on (colloq)) ( approximately) près de, presque
6.
close by prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase près de [wall, bridge]

the ambulance is close by — l'ambulance n'est pas loin

••

(from) close to — (colloq)

(from) close up — de près

it was a close call (colloq) ou shave (colloq) ou thing — je l'ai/tu l'as etc échappé belle
II 1. [kləʊz]
noun

1) gen, Sport fin f

to bring something to a close — mettre fin à quelque chose

to draw to a close — tirer à sa fin

to come to a close — se terminer

at the close of day — littér à la tombée du jour liter

2) Finance

close (of trading) — clôture f
2.
transitive verb

1) ( shut) fermer

2) ( block) fermer [border, port]; boucher [pipe, opening]; barrer [road]; interdire l'accès à [area of town]

3) ( bring to an end) mettre fin à [meeting, case]; fermer [account]

the subject is now closed — le sujet est clos

4) ( reduce)

to close the gap — fig réduire l'écart

5) ( agree) conclure [deal, contract]
3.
intransitive verb

1) ( shut) [airport, polls, shop] fermer; [door, container, eyes, mouth] se fermer

2) ( cease to operate) [business, mine] fermer définitivement

3) ( end) [meeting, play] prendre fin

to close with — se terminer par [song]

4) Finance [currency, index] clôturer (at à)

the market closed down/up — le marché a clôturé en baisse/en hausse

5) ( get smaller) se réduire

6) ( get closer) se rapprocher (on de)
4.
closed past participle adjective

1) ( shut) fermé

‘closed’ — ( sign in shop) ‘fermé’; ( in theatre) ‘relâche’

‘closed for lunch/for repairs’ — ‘fermé pour le déjeuner/pour cause de réparations’

‘road closed’ — ‘route barrée’

‘closed to the public’ — ‘interdit au public’

‘closed to traffic’ — ‘circulation interdite’

behind closed doors — fig à huis clos

2) ( restricted) [community, meeting] fermé

to have a closed mind — avoir l'esprit fermé

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- close down

- close in

- close off

- close up

- close with

English-French dictionary > close

9 lower

verb

1) (to make or become less high: She lowered her voice.) bajar

2) (to let down: He lowered the blinds.) bajar

lower vb bajar

they've lowered prices again han vuelto a bajar los precios

she lowered her voice bajó la voz

lower

tr['ləʊə^SMALLr/SMALL]

adjective

1 inferior

transitive verb

1 (in general) bajar; (price) rebajar

2 (flag) arriar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to lower oneself rebajarse

lower case caja baja, minúscula

lower class clase nombre femenino baja

Lower House Cámara Baja

lower ['lo:ər] vt

1) drop: bajar

to lower one's voice: bajar la voz

2) : arriar, bajar

to lower the flag: arriar la bandera

3) reduce: reducir, bajar

4)

to lower oneself : rebajarse

lower ['lo:ər] adj

: inferior, más bajo, de abajo

lower

adj.

• bajero, -a adj.

• inferior adj.

• más bajo adj.

adv.

• menos adv.

n.

• ceño s.m.

• inferior s.m.

v.

• abaratar v.

• abatir v.

• agachar v.

• amainar v.

• arriar v.

• bajar v.

• rebajar v.

I 'ləʊər, 'ləʊə(r)
adjective

1) comp of low I,II

2) (before n)

a) (spatially, numerically) <jaw/lip> inferior

lower age limit — edad f mínima

b) (in rank, importance) <rank/echelons> inferior, más bajo

the lower chamber/Lower House — la cámara baja

c) <mammals/apes/life-forms> inferior

3) ( Geog) bajo

the lower reaches of the Nile — el curso bajo del Nilo

lower Manhattan — el sur de Manhattan

II
1. 'ləʊər, 'ləʊə(r)
transitive verb

1) ( let down) \<\<blind/ceiling\>\> bajar; \<\<flag/sail\>\> bajar, arriar*

to lower the lifeboats — echar al agua los botes salvavidas

he lowered himself into his chair — se sentó en el sillón

to lower one's eyes — bajar la vista or los ojos

2) (reduce, diminish) \<\<temperature/volume/price\>\> bajar

lower your voice — baja la voz

to lower somebody's morale — bajarle la moral a alguien, desmoralizar* a alguien

it lowered his resistance to disease — le minó or le disminuyó las defensas

2.

v refl

to lower oneself — rebajarse

3.

vi \<\<prices/standards/temperature\>\> bajar

III 'laʊr, 'laʊə(r)
intransitive verb (liter)

a) ( darken) \<\<sky\>\> encapotarse

b) ( frown) fruncir* el ceño

c) lowering pres p < sky> encapotado; <expression/look> ceñudo

I ['lǝʊǝ(r)]
1. ADJ
low
1) (=bottom) [part, section, floors, windows] de abajo, inferior; [slopes] inferior, bajo

the lower of the two — el de más abajo de los dos

• the lower bunk — la litera de abajo

• the lower left corner — la esquina inferior izquierda

• the lower half/ part of — la mitad/parte inferior de, la mitad/parte de abajo de

2) (=less important) [level, rank, caste] inferior

• the lower chamber — (Parl) la cámara baja

• the lower court — (Jur) los tribunales inferiores

• the lower middle class(es) — la clase media baja

a lower middle-class family — una familia de clase media baja

• soldiers in the lower ranks — soldados mpl de menor rango or de rango inferior

• the lower school — el segundo ciclo

3) (Anat) inferior

• the lower abdomen/ back — la parte inferior del abdomen/de la espalda

• she suffered severe cuts on her lower leg — sufrió cortes de gravedad en la parte inferior de la pierna

• the lower limbs — los miembros inferiores

4) (Zool) inferior

5) (Geog) (in names)

Lower Egypt — el Bajo Egipto

the Lower Rhine — el Bajo Rin

lower Manhattan — el sur de Manhattan
reach 3., 2)
2.

VT (gen) bajar; [+ boat] echar al agua; [+ flag, sail] arriar; (=reduce) [+ price] bajar, rebajar

to lower o.s. — (fig) rebajarse

I wouldn't lower myself to do such a thing — no me rebajaría a hacer algo así

• to lower one's guard — bajar la guardia

• to lower one's headlights — (US) poner las luces de cruce

• to lower one's voice — bajar la voz

3.

VI bajar

4.

CPD

lower case N — (Typ) minúsculas fpl

in lower case — en minúsculas
lower-case
lower class N —

the lower class or classes — la clase baja
lower-class
lower deck N — [of bus] piso m de abajo; (Naut) (=part of ship) cubierta f inferior

the lower deck * — (=personnel) los marineros

the Lower House N — (Parl) la Cámara Baja

lower jaw N — mandíbula f inferior

lower lip N — labio m inferior

lower sixth N — (Brit) ≈ 1º de Bachillerato f

he's in the lower sixth — está en 1º de Bachillerato

lower vertebrates NPL — vertebrados mpl inferiores

II

['laʊǝ(r)]
VI [person] fruncir el entrecejo, fruncir el ceño; [sky] encapotarse
* * *

I ['ləʊər, 'ləʊə(r)]
adjective

1) comp of low I,II

2) (before n)

a) (spatially, numerically) <jaw/lip> inferior

lower age limit — edad f mínima

b) (in rank, importance) <rank/echelons> inferior, más bajo

the lower chamber/Lower House — la cámara baja

c) <mammals/apes/life-forms> inferior

3) ( Geog) bajo

the lower reaches of the Nile — el curso bajo del Nilo

lower Manhattan — el sur de Manhattan

II
1. ['ləʊər, 'ləʊə(r)]
transitive verb

1) ( let down) \<\<blind/ceiling\>\> bajar; \<\<flag/sail\>\> bajar, arriar*

to lower the lifeboats — echar al agua los botes salvavidas

he lowered himself into his chair — se sentó en el sillón

to lower one's eyes — bajar la vista or los ojos

2) (reduce, diminish) \<\<temperature/volume/price\>\> bajar

lower your voice — baja la voz

to lower somebody's morale — bajarle la moral a alguien, desmoralizar* a alguien

it lowered his resistance to disease — le minó or le disminuyó las defensas

2.

v refl

to lower oneself — rebajarse

3.

vi \<\<prices/standards/temperature\>\> bajar

III ['laʊr, 'laʊə(r)]
intransitive verb (liter)

a) ( darken) \<\<sky\>\> encapotarse

b) ( frown) fruncir* el ceño

c) lowering pres p < sky> encapotado; <expression/look> ceñudo

English-spanish dictionary > lower

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reduce somebody to the ranks

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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reduce somebody to the ranks

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